Gurmukhi is a Unicode block containing characters for the Punjabi language, as it is written in India. In its original incarnation, the code points U+0A02..U+0A4C were a direct copy of the Gurmukhi characters A2-EC from the 1988 ISCII standard. The Devanagari0900–097F , Bengali0980–09FF , Gujarati0A80–0AFF , Oriya0B00–0B7F , Tamil0B80–0BFF , Telugu0C00–0C7F , Kannada0C80–0CFF , and Malayalam0D00–0D7F blocks were similarly all based on their ISCII encodings.

Gurmukhi is the most common script used for writing the Punjabi language in India. An abugida derived from the Laṇḍā script and ultimately descended from Brahmi, Gurmukhi was standardised by the second Sikh guru, Guru Angad, in the 16th century. The whole of the Guru Granth Sahib's 1430 pages are written in this script. The name Gurmukhi is derived from the Old Punjabi term “gurumukhī”, meaning “from the mouth of the Guru”.

Modern Gurmukhi has thirty-eight consonants (vianjan), nine vowel symbols (lāga mātrā), two symbols for nasal sounds (bindī and ṭippī), and one symbol which duplicates the sound of any consonant (addak). In addition, four conjuncts are used: three subjoined forms of the consonants Rara, Haha and Vava, and one half-form of Yayya. Use of the conjunct forms of Vava and Yayya is increasingly scarce in modern contexts.

Gurmukhi is primarily used in the Punjab state of India where it is the sole official script for all official and judicial purposes. The script is also widely used in the Indian states of Haryana, Himachal Pradesh, Jammu and the national capital of Delhi, with Punjabi being one of the official languages in these states. Gurmukhi has been adapted to write other languages, such as Braj Bhasha, Khariboli (and other Hindustani dialects), Sanskrit and Sindhi.

Properties

Range 0A00–0A7F
Characters 128

List of Characters

  • Not defined
  • Various signs

  • Gurmukhi Sign Adak Bindi
  • Gurmukhi Sign Bindi
  • Gurmukhi Sign Visarga
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  • Independent vowels

  • Gurmukhi Letter A
  • Gurmukhi Letter Aa
  • Gurmukhi Letter I
  • Gurmukhi Letter Ii
  • Gurmukhi Letter U
  • Gurmukhi Letter Uu
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  • Gurmukhi Letter Ee
  • Gurmukhi Letter Ai
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  • Gurmukhi Letter Oo
  • Gurmukhi Letter Au
  • Consonants

  • Gurmukhi Letter Ka
  • Gurmukhi Letter Kha
  • Gurmukhi Letter Ga
  • Gurmukhi Letter Gha
  • Gurmukhi Letter Nga
  • Gurmukhi Letter Ca
  • Gurmukhi Letter Cha
  • Gurmukhi Letter Ja
  • Gurmukhi Letter Jha
  • Gurmukhi Letter Nya
  • Gurmukhi Letter Tta
  • Gurmukhi Letter Ttha
  • Gurmukhi Letter Dda
  • Gurmukhi Letter Ddha
  • Gurmukhi Letter Nna
  • Gurmukhi Letter Ta
  • Gurmukhi Letter Tha
  • Gurmukhi Letter Da
  • Gurmukhi Letter Dha
  • Gurmukhi Letter Na
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  • Gurmukhi Letter Pa
  • Gurmukhi Letter Pha
  • Gurmukhi Letter Ba
  • Gurmukhi Letter Bha
  • Gurmukhi Letter Ma
  • Gurmukhi Letter Ya
  • Gurmukhi Letter Ra
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  • Gurmukhi Letter La
  • Gurmukhi Letter Lla
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  • Gurmukhi Letter Va
  • Gurmukhi Letter Sha
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  • Gurmukhi Letter Sa
  • Gurmukhi Letter Ha
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  • Various signs

  • Gurmukhi Sign Nukta
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  • Dependent vowel signs

  • Gurmukhi Vowel Sign Aa
  • ਿ
    Gurmukhi Vowel Sign I
  • Gurmukhi Vowel Sign Ii
  • Gurmukhi Vowel Sign U
  • Gurmukhi Vowel Sign Uu
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  • Gurmukhi Vowel Sign Ee
  • Gurmukhi Vowel Sign Ai
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  • Gurmukhi Vowel Sign Oo
  • Gurmukhi Vowel Sign Au
  • Virama

  • Gurmukhi Sign Virama
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  • Sign

  • Gurmukhi Sign Udaat
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  • Additional consonants

  • Gurmukhi Letter Khha
  • Gurmukhi Letter Ghha
  • Gurmukhi Letter Za
  • Gurmukhi Letter Rra
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  • Gurmukhi Letter Fa
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  • Reserved

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  • Digits

  • Gurmukhi Digit Zero
  • Gurmukhi Digit One
  • Gurmukhi Digit Two
  • Gurmukhi Digit Three
  • Gurmukhi Digit Four
  • Gurmukhi Digit Five
  • Gurmukhi Digit Six
  • Gurmukhi Digit Seven
  • Gurmukhi Digit Eight
  • Gurmukhi Digit Nine
  • Signs

  • Gurmukhi Tippi
  • Gurmukhi Addak
  • Vowel bases

  • Gurmukhi Iri
  • Gurmukhi Ura
  • Signs

  • Gurmukhi Ek Onkar
  • Gurmukhi Sign Yakash
  • Gurmukhi Abbreviation Sign
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Table of Characters

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